[1]王 萌,何伟波.我国环境垂直管理制度改革之美国特色借鉴[J].常州大学学报(社会科学版),2019,20(01):36-43.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-042X.2019.01.005]
　Wang Meng,He Weibo.Reference of American Characteristics for the Reform ofEnvironmental Vertical Management System in China[J].Journal of Changzhou University(Social Science Edition),2019,20(01):36-43.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-042X.2019.01.005]
点击复制

我国环境垂直管理制度改革之美国特色借鉴()
分享到：

常州大学学报(社会科学版)[ISSN:2095-042X/CN:32-1821/C]

卷:
第20卷
期数:
2019年01期
页码:
36-43
栏目:
政治·法学研究
出版日期:
2019-01-25

文章信息/Info

Title:
Reference of American Characteristics for the Reform ofEnvironmental Vertical Management System in China
作者:
王 萌; 何伟波
Author(s):
Wang Meng; He Weibo
关键词:
环垂改;  条块结合;  纵向环境监管;  美国特色
Keywords:
vertical environmental reform;  combination of block and strip;  vertical environmental supervision;  American characteristics
分类号:
D922.68
DOI:
10.3969/j.issn.2095-042X.2019.01.005
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
我国实施省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理制度的改革(以下简称“环垂改”),在一定程度上打破了地方保护主义,有利于加强对环境执法的监督。管理从改革前的“以块为主”转变为“条块结合”面临诸多困难,尤其是如何实现“条”与“块”权责明晰、有章可循。我国环垂改已陷入市级环保监管能力不足、法律条文滞后和环境监管协调性与专业性的双重缺失等困局。美国纵向环境监管具有联邦、州层面政府与环保机构分权制衡的“合作伙伴”、监管权责分明、法律体系健全与行政执法突出、队伍专业化等特色,环境监管成效显著。化解国内环垂改困局可在立法、监管动力、环境数据和环保制度方面进行借鉴。
Abstract:
China’s implementation of the reform of the vertical management system of monitoring, supervision and law enforcement by environmental protection agencies below the provincial level has broken local protectionism to a certain extent and is conducive to strengthening the supervision of environmental law enforcement. There are many difficulties in the transformation of management from the former “block-based” to “combination of block and strip”, especially how to achieve the clear power and responsibility definition of “strip” and “block” and have rules to follow. Vertical environmental reform in China has fallen into the dilemma of insufficient capacity of environmental protection supervision at the municipal level, lagging behind of legal provisions and lack of coordination and professionalism of environmental supervision. Vertical environmental regulation in the United States has a “partnership” relationship of decentralization and balance among federal, state and environmental protection agencies with clear powers and responsibilities of supervision, perfect legal system and prominent administrative law enforcement, team specialization and other characteristics, and environmental supervision has achieved remarkable results, which can be reference for China in the aspects of legislation, regulatory power, environmental data and environmental protection system to resolve the dilemma of vertical environmental reform.

参考文献/References:

[1]谢佳沥.环保垂管改革有了纲领性文件[N].中国环境报,2016-07-26(1).
[2]李瑞昌.理顺我国环境治理网络的府际关系[J].广东行政学院学报,2008,20(6):28-32.
[3]黄万华,刘渝.环境治理中政府机制有效性的制度分析[J].当代经济管理,2013,35(11):41-44.
[4]陈健鹏,高世楫,李佐军.“十三五”时期中国环境监管体制改革的形势、目标与若干建议[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(11):1-9.
[5]沈文辉.三位一体——美国环境管理体系的构建及启示[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2010,12(4):78-83.
[6]GADE A M, FAUR A C. The United States environmental system: an evolution in federal vs. local control[J]. Research of environmental sciences,2006(19):126-132.
[7]KULXISEK N K, SILVERMAN G S. Environmental law[M]. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1983:56.
[8]BROWN R S. In search of budget parity: states carry on in the face of big budget shifts[J]. Environmental counsel of states, 2005(3):7-18.
[9]GADE M. When the states come marching in, natural resources and the environment[M]. Chicago:American Bar Association, 1996:112.
[10]詹姆斯·萨尔兹曼,巴顿·汤普森.美国环境法[M].徐卓然,胡慕云,译.4版.北京:北京大学出版社,2016:66.
[11]FERRY S. Environmental law: examples and explanations[M]. New York: Aspen Publisher, 2003:4.
[12]叶俊荣.环境政策与法律[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2003:224.
[13]邢鸿飞.论美国穷尽行政救济原则的适用例外及对我国的启示[J].法学论坛,2014,29(2):142-148.
[14]EPA.Regulatory information by environmental topic [EB/OL].(2010-01-28)[2010-05-25].http://www. epa.gov/lawsregs/.
[15]朱丘祥.从行政分权到法律分权——转型时期调整垂直管理机关与地方政府关系的法治对策研究[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2013:21.
[16]秦昌波,敖平富.环境监察和环境执法职能分置探究[J].环境保护,2016(22):28-30.
[17]赵恒心.论新常态下环境执法工作的转变[J].监察论坛,2016(4):34-37.
[18]GEORGE S H. Compliance and enforcement changes in congress and EPA11 nat[J]. Resource & environment, 1997:42.
[19]汪小勇,万玉秋,姜文,等.美国跨界大气环境监管经验对中国的借鉴[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(3):118-123.
[20]弗兰克·B.弗里德曼.环境管理实践指南[M].萧凯,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2012:91.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
作者简介:王萌,上海财经大学法学院博士研究生,加州大学伯克利分校法学院访问学者; 何伟波,上海财经大学法学院博士研究生。基金项目:教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“低碳社会发展环境法制保障研究”(13JJD820010); 上海财经大学研究生创新基金资助项目“论风险预防原则在我国大气污染防治中的适用”(CXJJ-2017-281)。
更新日期/Last Update: 2019-01-25